CARTES

Nations Unies (ONU), Section de la cartographie, Kazakhstan, janvier 2004
http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/kazakhst.pdf#search='kazakhstan%20map

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AUTRES CARTABLES DOCUMENTAIRES

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Cartable national de documentation - Kazakhstan, 31 août 2017
http://www.irb-cisr.gc.ca/Fra/ResRec/NdpCnd/Pages/ndpcnd.aspx?pid=8815

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RAPPORTS GÉNÉRAUX

Organisations internationales

Nations Unies (ONU, Comité pour l’élimination de la discrimination raciale (CERD), Concluding observations on the combined eighth to tenth reports of Kazakhstan, 29 avril 2022
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2072704/CERD_C_KAZ_CO_8-10_48528_E.pdf

Organisation de la coopération et du développement économique (OCDE), Social Institutions & Gender Index 2019 - Kazakhstan, décembre 2018
https://www.genderindex.org/wp-content/uploads/files/datasheets/2019/KZ.pdf

Comité international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR), Annual Report 2015 - Tashkent (regional), 9 mai 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/57f60bc60.html

Union Européenne (UE), Service Européen de l’Action Extérieure (SEAE), Kazakhstan, 2012
http://eeas.europa.eu/kazakhstan/index_fr.htm

Nations Unies (ONU), UNHCR, UNHCR Country Operations Plan 2007 - Kazakhstan, 1^er septembre 2006
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44fd9c182.html

Union Européenne (UE), Parlement européen, Situation in Kazakhstan and its Relations with the Council of Europe, 7 juillet 2006
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/44c4bb5c4.html

Organisations gouvernementales

US Department of State (USDOS), 2023 Country Report on Human Rights Practices : Kazakhstan, 23 avril 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2107744.html

Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum, Country Fact Sheet of the Austrian Country of Origin Information Department : Kazakhstan, mai 2014
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1729_1409729871_kaza-eff-cfs-2014-05.pdf

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), The World Factbook, 18 décembre 2012
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kz.html

France, Ministère Européen des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Dossier pays Kazakhstan
https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/kazakhstan/presentation-du-kazakhstan/

ONG

Amnesty International (AI), The State of the World’s Human Rights ; Kazakhstan 2023, 24 avril 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2107941.html

Bertelsmann Foundation, BTI 2024 Country Report Kazakhstan, 19 mars 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2105892/country_report_2024_KAZ.pdf

Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2024 – Kazakhstan, 29 février 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2105042.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), World Report 2024 – Kazakhstan, 12 janvier 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2103174.html

Amnesty International (AI), Kazakhstan : Amnesty International submission for the UN Universal Periodic Review, 34th session of the UPR working group, 11 juin 2019
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2010323/EUR5705022019ENGLISH.pdf

Freedom House, Nations in Transit 2017 - Kazakhstan, 3 avril 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/58f74fdc29.html

Amnesty International (AI), Kazakhstan - Submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, 117th session, 20 june - 15 july 2016, 11 juillet 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5783a7524.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Human Rights Watch Concerns and Recommendations on Kazakhstan, 14 juin 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/57624fcf4.html

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015 - Kazakhstan, 2 juillet 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/55a4fa5043.html

International Crisis Group (ICG), Stress Tests for Kazakhstan, 13 mai 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5555cabb4.html

Freedom House, Kazakhstan : Cunning Democracy, 2013
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1382078513_kazakhstan-report-10-16-13.pdf

International Crisis Group (ICG), Kazakhstan: Waiting for Change, 30 septembre 2013
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5249793b4.html

Fédération Internationale des Droits de l’Homme (FIDH), Steadfast in Protest - Annual Report 2011 - Kazakhstan, 25 octobre 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ea7b3f7f.html

Parlements et centres de recherches

Congressional Research service (CRS), Central Asia : Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, 21 mars 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/533d48484.html

Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité (GRIP), Une région entre deux feux : dépenses militaires et transferts d’armements en Asie centrale (2003-2012), 22 janvier 2014
http://www.grip.org/sites/grip.org/files/NOTES_ANALYSE/2014/NA_2014-01-22_FR_M-EYMARD.pdf

Actualités / Sites de presse & blogs

BBC News, Kazakhstan country profile
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1298071.stm

Eurasia.net
http://www.eurasianet.org/resource/kazakhstan

Gazeta.kz
http://eng.gazeta.kz/

NewEurasia
http://www.neweurasia.net/category/kazakhstan/

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Kazakhstan
http://www.rferl.org/section/kazakhstan/158.html

Times of Central Asia
http://www.timesca.com/

Le Monde, Sur les routes d’Asie Centrale
http://sylvielasserre.blog.lemonde.fr/category/kazakhstan/

Regard sur l’Est
http://www.regard-est.com/home/pays.php?pays=1&PHPSESSID=808735f7fb8ebbd217580d0950292e8d

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DOCUMENTS D’IDENTITÉ ET NATIONALITÉ

Passeports

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Internal and external Kazakh passports; process by which a Kazakh citizen obtains a passport; whether a written application might be made in Karaganda; whether Soviet passports were exchanged for Kazakh passports in November 1999, 11 juillet 2002
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be5714.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Information on Kazakh passports; on when they were first issued, their colour, length of validity and whether the bearer's nationality is shown in the passport, 1^er avril 1996
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6aad388.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Information sur le refus des autorités kazakhes de délivrer un visa ou une permission de sortie aux Russes du Kazakhstan en raison de leur origine ethnique, 1^er juillet 1995
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ab2b58.html

Documents d’identité et d’état civil

Pas de document disponible

Documents frauduleux

Pas de document disponible

Nationalité, citoyenneté et résidence

Nations Unies (ONU), UNHCR, Statelessness in Central Asia, mai 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e560b162.html

Ministère des Affaires Intérieures de la République du Kazakhstan, Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 556 of 23 August 2002 on the approval of the Instruction on Examination of Matters Related to Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the Departments of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan (as amended and supplemented as of 12.08.2009), 12 août 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/5062ca7b2.pdf

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), The acquisition of Russian citizenship by citizens of Kazakstan and the status of accords signed by Russia and Kazakstan which relate to the acquisition of citizenship and the status of Russian and Kazak citizens residing in the other country, 27 mai 1998
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/167557/268419_en.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Information sur la possibilité pour un Russe du Kazakhstan de demander la citoyenneté russe et de l'obtenir automatiquement, sur les démarches qu'il doit entreprendre pour l'obtenir, sur l'accord entre le Kazakhstan et la Russie en matière de citoyenneté et la date limite pour obtenir la citoyenneté russe en vertu de cet accord, 1^er juillet 1995
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6abfc93.html 

République du Kazakhstan, Law No. 1017-XII of 20.12.91 of the Republic of Kazakhstan, On Citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan (last amended 2002), 1^er mars 1992
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b56a14.html

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LANGUES, ETHNIES ET CULTURE

Présentation générale

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), State of the World's Minorities and Indigenous Peoples 2015 - Kazakhstan, 2 juillet 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/55a4fa5043.html

Nations Unies (ONU), CDH, Report of the independent expert on minority issues, 1^er février 2010
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1274887421_a-hrc-13-23-add1.pdf

Langues

Ethnologue Languages of the World, Languages of Kazakhstan, 2012
http://www.ethnologue.com/country/KZ

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFA/RL), Kazakhstan's Russians don't want Russian language downgraded, 14 octobre 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4eaaa7fcc.html

Université de Laval, LECLERC Jacques, Kazakhstan, 29 septembre 2011
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/AXL/asie/kazakhstan.htm

Ethnies

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan Overview, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/country/kazakhstan/

Advocate for Human Rights (AHR), Kazakhstan, Ethnic Minorities, 18 août 2010
http://stopvaw.org/Ethnic_Minorities.html

Allemands

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan – Germans, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/minorities/germans/

Minorities at Risk Project (MAR), Chronology for Germans in Kazakhstan, 2004
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469f38abc.html

Minorities at Risk Project (MAR), Assessment for Germans in Kazakhstan, 31 décembre 2003
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/469f3aa21e.html

Coréens

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan – Koreans, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/minorities/koreans-2/

Kirghizes

Fédération internationale des ligues des Droits de l'Homme (FIDH), Invisible and exploited in Kazakhstan : the plight of Kyrgyz migrant workers and members of their families, juin 2018
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/kyrgyz_migrant_workers_in_kazakhstan.pdf

Ouïghours

Amnesty International (AI), China: Authorities grow bolder in Uighur crackdown, 4 juillet 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e4cc8522.html

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Kazakhstan : Uighurs, 2008
http://www.refworld.org/docid/49749cf941.html

EurasiaNet, Uighur issues may become factor in China-Kazakhstan relations, 2 janvier 2003
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46c58ed51a.html

Ouzbeks

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan – Uzbeks, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/minorities/uzbeks/

BBC News, Rayhan DEMYTRIE, "Kazakhstan : UN's Pillay urges Zhanaozen riot inquiry", 12 juillet 2012
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-18816018

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Kazakhstan extradites 29 Uzbek asylum-seekers despite protests, 9 juin 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e142b2dc.html

Russes

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan – Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/minorities/russians-ukrainians-belarusians/

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Situation of Russian minorities; state protection and support services, 10 août 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50b5f6f02.html

Minorities at Risk (MAR), Russians in Kazakhstan (background information, assessment of situation), 31 décembre 2006
http://www.mar.umd.edu/assessment.asp?groupId=70501

Syriens

EurasiaNet, Syrians Find Asylum in Kazakhstan, 1^er décembre 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/566a86624.html

Tatars

Minority Rights Group International (MRG), Kazakhstan – Tatars, 2015
http://minorityrights.org/minorities/tatars/

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: There can be no Tatar, Chechen or Tajik mosques, 7 décembre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50c1efce2.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), The treatment of ethnic Tatars (Tartars) and the availability of state protection (May 2000-Oct. 2002), 2 octobre 2002
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/183499/286202_en.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Whether an individual born in Tatarstan in 1961 who moved to Kazakhstan in 1983 and acquired Kazakh citizenship after the break-up of the Soviet Union may acquire Russian/Tatar citizenship after returning to Tatarstan; automatic right of this individual to reside in Tatarstan; acquisition of citizenship in Tatarstan (2000-May 2002), 31 mai 2002
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4beda14.html

Culture et coutumes

OrexCA, Culture of Kazakhstan, kazakh culture and national traditions, 2012
http://www.kazakhstan.orexca.com/kazakhstan_culture.shtml

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RELIGIONS

Présentation générale

US Department of State (USDOS), 2023 Report on International Religious Freedom : Kazakhstan, 30 juin 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2111895.html

US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), United States Commission on International Religious Freedom 2024 Annual Report ; USCIRF–Recommended for Special Watch List : Kazakhstan, mai 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2112006/Kazakhstan+2024.pdf

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : How many punished for exercising freedom ?, 15 juillet 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/578e1d9f4.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : No freedom of religion or belief "unless they have registration", Anti-Terrorism Police claim, 19 décembre 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/549d370e4.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Religious freedom survey, 20 mars 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/532acce94.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), List Of Kazakh Religious Groups Curbed, 25 octobre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/229703/338030_en.html

Forum 18, Prison mosques, churches, and prayer rooms closed down, 11 novembre 2011
http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1635

Forum 18, Two repressive laws heading through Parliament at "unprecedented" speed, 21 septembre 2011
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/202297/307181_en.html

Forum 18 News Service, Felix Corley, Kazakhstan: " Punishments for Worship Meeting Re-start", 31 mars 2011
http://www.forum18.org/Archive.php?article_id=1557&pdf=Y

Chrétiens

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : "Not accused of extremism", but punished, 21 mai 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/537dbf080.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Pastor deported, Orthodox priest to follow ?, 30 septembre 2013
http://www.refworld.org/docid/524ac3824.html

Forum 18, Those who initiated and adopted such laws will answer before Allah, 15 novembre 2011
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/205642/310792_en.html

AsiaNews, New rules on religious freedom put at risk Kazakhstan’s Catholic Church, 18 octobre 2011
http://www.asianews.it/news-en/New-rules-on-religious-freedom-put-at-risk-Kazakhstan%E2%80%99s-Catholic-Church-22940.html

Zenit, Church in Kazakhstan Affirms Asiatic Identity, 17 avril 2008
https://zenit.org/articles/church-in-kazakhstan-affirms-asiatic-identity/

Eglise Catholique du Kazakhstan
http://www.catholic-kazakhstan.org/

Musulmans

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Twentieth known 2017 criminal conviction, 25 juillet 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5978413a4.html

Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI), Karine ERLAN, L'Asie centrale à l'épreuve de l'islam radical, février 2017
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/karine_asie_centrale_islam_radical_fr_2017.pdfcal_fr_2017.pdf

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Criminal cases for meeting, criticising Muslim Board, 6 février 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5899db4b4.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Ten more Sunni Muslims sentenced, 10 octobre 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/57fe2e764.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Now 30 Sunni Muslims convicted since December 2014, KNB secret police spy, 22 avril 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/57205a534.html

Forum 18, Muslim Board Islamic monopoly, Catholic exemption, 22 novembre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50af677d2.html

Jamestown Foundation, Holy Sultan Mosque Marks Kazakhstan's Muslim Revival, 17 septembre 2012
http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=39788&cHash=5a5b4804b2#.V3ORVkvgIb8

Forum 18, Ahmadi Muslims closed down everywhere, Methodist congregation next ?, 24 avril 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4f9940e82.html

EurasiaNet, Government Pressure on Devout Muslims Generates Resentment, 20 mars 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/212640/318745_en.html

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INSTITUTIONS ET ORGANISATION POLITIQUE

Constitution

Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan (last amended 1998), 6 septembre 1995
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b52a10.html 

Institutions politiques

France, Ministère des Affaires étrangères (MAE), Composition du gouvernement de la République du Kazakhstan, 17 octobre 2016
http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/kazakhstan/presentation-du-kazakhstan/article/composition-du-gouvernement-2391

Ambassade du Kazakhstan en France, Institutions
http://www.amb-kazakhstan.fr/4.aspx?sr=2

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PARTIS POLITIQUES

Vie politique et élections

BBC News, Kazakhstan unrest : Dozens killed in crackdown, 5 janvier 2022
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-59880166?at_medium=RSS&at_campaign=KARANGA

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan : The Anatomy of a Pointless Election, 21 mars 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5704c33d0.html

Jamestown Foundation, Kazakhstan's Next Parliamentary Election May Lay Foundation for Eventual Presidential Succession, 29 juillet 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/55c0b5db4.html

European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity (EFDS), Kazakhstan, 26 septembre 2012
http://www.europeanforum.net/country/kazakhstan

Freedom House, Report on democratisation (electoral process, civil society, independent media, governance) and rule of law (corruption) in 2011, 6 juin 2012
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2012/kazakhstan

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Why I Won't Vote in Kazak Elections, 17 janvier 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4f193efc2.html

Jamestown Foundation, Parliamentary Election In Kazakhstan: Who Will Come In Second?, 9 décembre 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ee5e7aa2.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Party Goes On and On in Kazakstan, 22 mai 2009
http://www.refworld.org/docid/4a1e47dc1c.html

Parlement Européen, Observation of the extraordinary parliamentary elections in Kazakhstan (18 August 2007), 1^er octobre 2007
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4701f02e2.html

Radio France International (RFI), Le parti unique est de retour, 19 août 2007
http://www.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/092/article_55419.asp

Partis et organisations politiques

Ak-Jol

Ak-Jol [en russe/kazakh]
http://www.akzhol.kz/

Alga!

Human Rights Watch (HWR), Kazakhstan: Ensure Fair Hearing for Opposition Leader, 16 novembre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/231213/339676_en.html

Nour Otan

Radio Free Europe/ Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Kazakhstan: Ruling Party Gets Even Bigger, 7 janvier 2013
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1073642.html

Nour Otan [en russe/kazakh]
http://nurotan.kz/ru

Parti social-démocrate Aouyl (KSDP)

Parti Social-Démocrate Aouyl [en russe/kazakh]
http://www.ksdp-auyl.kz/

Parti Communiste

Ria Novosti, Kazakhstan Prolongs Ban on Communist Party, 24 avril 2012
http://en.rian.ru/world/20120424/173010804.html

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LIBERTÉ D’OPINION

Présentation générale

Freedom House, Freedom in the World 2021 - Kazakhstan, 3 mars 2021
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2052768.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Kazakhstan : Crackdown on Peaceful Protest, 22 mai 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5742b46d4.html

Nations Unies (ONU), Conseil des droits de l'homme, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, Addendum : Mission to Kazakhstan, 16 juin 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5582d5554.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Kazakhstan : Draconian Ruling in Lawsuit, 29 octobre 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/54577acf4.html

Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), Authorities poised to cut all communications at drop of hat, 12 avril 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/534e78f84.html

Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), Main opposition media silenced in space of a month, 2 janvier 2013
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50eaa6402.html 

Freedom House, Annual survey of political rights and civil liberties (covering 2011), juillet 2012
http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/kazakhstan

Médias

Freedom House, Freedom on the Net 2024 – Kazakhstan, 16 octobre 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2116561.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Facebook Denies Kazakh Claim Of Exclusive Access To Centent Reporting System, 2 novembre 2021
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2063327.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Kazakhstan Granted Access To Facebook’s Content System To Flag ‘Harmful Content’, 1^er novembre 2021
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2063320.html

Amnesty International (AI), Think Before You Post : Closing Down Social Media Space in Kazakhstan, 9 février 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/589c6cf44.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Kazak State Tightens Grip on Internet, 15 février 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/56c5785e4.html

Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2015 - Kazakhstan, 28 septembre 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/560d1b5515.html

Article 19, Kazakhstan : The Law on Television and Radio Broadcasting, mai 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/557972dd4.html

Comité pour la protection des journalistes (CPJ), Attacks on the Press 2013 - Kazakhstan, 12 février 2014
http://cpj.org/2014/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2013-kazakhstan.php

Open Society Foundations (OSF), Mapping Digital Media : Kazakhstan, mai 2013
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/reports/mapping-digital-media-kazakhstan

Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), "Missing" journalist reappears, but freedom of information doesn’t, 7 janvier 2013
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50ebebf92.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Media Freedom "Worse" in Kazakstan's OSCE Year, 21 décembre 2010
http://iwpr.net/report-news/media-freedom-worse-kazakstans-osce-year

Freedom House, Kazakhstan
http://www.freedomhouse.org/country/kazakhstan

International Freedom of Expression Exchange (IFEX), Kazakhstan
http://www.ifex.org/kazakhstan/fr/

Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), Kazakhstan
https://rsf.org/fr/kazakhstan

Associations et ONG

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Kazak Government Falls Silent on NGO Law, 22 décembre 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/54992c974.html

Freedom House, Freedom of Association Under Threat - Kazakhstan, 21 novembre 2008
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/492a751828.html 

Fédération Internationale des Droits de l’Homme (FIDH), Kazakhstan
https://www.fidh.org/La-Federation-internationale-des-ligues-des-droits-de-l-homme/europe-de-l-est-asie-centrale/kazakhstan/

Syndicats

Human Rights Watch (HRW), "We Are Not the Enemy" - Violations of Workers' Rights in Kazakhstan, 23 novembre 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5836ec914.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Striking Oil, Striking Workers, 10 septembre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/226556/334295_en.html

Organisation Mondiale du Travail (OIT), Kazakhstan
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/region/eurpro/moscow/countries/kazakhstan.htm

Fédération de l’Union des Échanges de la République du Kazakhstan [en russe/kazakh]
http://www.fprk.kz/

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JUSTICE

Organisation judiciaire

France, Ministère de la Justice, (SAEI), Le Système Judiciaire du Kazakhstan, 22 janvier 2018
http://legiglobe.rf2d.org/kazakhstan/2018/01/22/

Encyclopedia of the Nations, Judicial System – Kazakhstan
http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Kazakhstan-JUDICIAL-SYSTEM.html

Ministère de la Justice de la République du Kazakhstan
http://www.adilet.gov.kz/en

Droit pénal et civil

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan Passes New Labor Law Without Consulting Workers, 25 novembre 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/565826b04.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan : Two criminal cases continue as new Criminal Code signed, 9 juillet 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/53be88754.html

Académie de droit international humanitaire et de droits humains à Genève (ADIHDHG), Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project – Kazakhstan, 2013
http://www.geneva-academy.ch/RULAC/state.php?id_state=118

Legislationline, Kazakhstan
http://www.legislationline.org/countries/country/21

Lexadin, Kazakhstan
http://www.lexadin.nl/wlg/legis/nofr/oeur/lxwekaz.htm

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FORCES DE SÉCURITÉ ET MOUVEMENTS ARMÉS

Armée

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan : Is New Military Doctrine Response to Russia or the West ?, 30 novembre 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a28fc154.html

Jamestown Foundation, Kazakhstan Faces Militarization of the Caspian, 24 mars 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/56fe23744.html

MCDERMOTT Roger N., Kazakhstan’s 2011 Military Doctrine: Reassessing Regional and International Security, 26 avril 2012
http://fmso.leavenworth.army.mil/Collaboration/international/McDermott/Kazakhstans-2011-military.pdf

Police

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: Baptist convicted on evidence "fabricated" by police, 22 mai 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4fbca0512.html

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Police clash with armed group in western Kazakhstan, 3 juillet 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e20438821.html

Mouvements armés

US Department of State (USDOS), Country Report on Terrorism 2022 - Chapter 1 - Kazakhstan, 1^er décembre 2023
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2101568.html

Institut français des relations internationales (IFRI), Karine ERLAN, L'Asie centrale à l'épreuve de l'islam radical, février 2017
https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/karine_asie_centrale_islam_radical_fr_2017.pdfcal_fr_2017.pdf

Jamestown Foundation, The Islamic State Threat in Central Asia : Reality or Spin ?, 20 mars 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/55128e504.html

Jamestown Foundation, 'Our People in an Alien War' : Kazakhstanis Fighting for the Islamic State, 18 novembre 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/546de2cd4.html

Central Asia-Caucasus Institute (CACI), Kazakh Jihadists Intensify Internet Propaganda, 22 août 2012
http://ecoi.net/doc/225826

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Fighting Terrorism, Kazak-Style, 26 juillet 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4e37c64a2.html

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SERVICE MILITAIRE

Conscience and Peace Tax International (CPTI), Submission to the 102nd Session of the Human Rights Committee: July 2011; Conscientious objection to military service and related issues; Kazakhstan, mai 2011
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1930_1333970742_cpti-kazakhstan-hrc102.pdf

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DÉTENTION ET TORTURE

Amnesty International (AI), Dead end Justice : impunity for torture in Kazakhstan, 3 mars 2016
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/1226_1456988869_eur5733452016english.PDF

Amnesty International (AI), Kazakhstan Submission to the United Nations Committee Against Torture, 20 octobre 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5448f3e7a.html

Amnesty International (AI), Amnesty International Report 2012 - The State of the World's Human Rights - Torture and other ill-treatment, 24 mai 2012
http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/kazakstan/report-2012#section-12-3

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Kazakhstan: Suspend Trial, Investigate Torture Allegations, 23 avril 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4f9926e72.html

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Annual Prison Census 2011 - Kazakhstan, 8 décembre 2011
http://www.cpj.org/imprisoned/2011.php

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: Prison mosques, churches, and prayer rooms closed down, 11 novembre 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ebd21472.html

Nations Unies (ONU), UNCAT, List of issues prior to the submission of the 3rd periodic report of Kazakhstan: Committee against Torture, 45th session, 1-19 November 2010, 17 février 2011
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4f214f172.html

Fédération Internationale des Droits de l’Homme (FIDH),  Kazakhstan : Pas d’extradition des demandeurs d’asile vers l’Ouzbekistan ! Le UNHCR et l’OSCE doivent rappeler au Kazakhstan ses obligations, 29 octobre 2010
http://www.fidh.org/Kazakhstan-Pas-d-extradition-des

Amnesty International (AI), No effective safeguards against torture, 22 mars 2010
http://www.refworld.org/docid/4bb05e912.html

Nations Unies (ONU), UNHCR, Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, Addendum: Mission to Kazakhstan, 16 décembre 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?reldoc=y&docid=4d872f9d2

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GROUPES VULNÉRABLES

Femmes

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan : Celebrity Beating Puts Spotlight on Issue of Domestic Violence, 29 juin 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/577a35fb4.html

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Women's Access to Justice in Kazakhstan : Identifying the Obstacles Need for Change, 7 novembre 2013
http://www.refworld.org/docid/530f05554.html

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Report of OSCE Special Representative on Gender Issues on visit to Kazakhstan, June 19-21, 2012, 16 novembre 2012
http://www.osce.org/cio/97292

Nations Unies (ONU), CEDAW, UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Concluding Comments, Kazakhstan, 2 février 2007
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/45f6cddb2.html

Enfants

US Department of Labor (USDOL), 2023 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor : Kazakhstan, 5 septembre 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2116194.html

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan: Shymkent’s HIV Scandal, Six Years Later, 11 décembre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/233148/341819_en.html

Child Rights Information Network (CRIN), Kazakhstan: Children's Ombudsperson, 1^er août 2012
http://www.crin.org/resources/infoDetail.asp?ID=29145&flag=report

Nations Unies (ONU), UNHRC, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, Addendum : Communications to and from Governments, 14 février 2010
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4d833d8f2.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Children Forced to Pick Cotton in South Kazakstan, 26 novembre 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b14e7802c.html

Child Soldiers International, Child Soldiers Global Report 2008 - Kazakhstan, 20 mai 2008
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486cb10d26.html

Nations Unies (ONU), UNICEF, Kazakhstan
http://www.unicef.org/french/infobycountry/kazakhstan_statistics.html

Orientation sexuelle

Amnesty International (AI), Less Equal : LGBTI Human Rights Defenders in Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, 22 décembre 2017
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5a3d26d84.html

Article 19, "Don't Provoke, Don't Challenge" - The Censorship and Self-Censorship of the LGBT Community in Kazakhstan", 9 décembre 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/56693f6f4.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Kazakstan Gender Equality More Theory Than Reality, 10 novembre 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/564c3d6e4.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Kazakhstan : LGBT Community Living in Fear, 23 juillet 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/55b20c664.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), Kazakhstan : Anti-Gay Laws Found Unconstitutional, 28 mai 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/556867454.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Kazakstan : "Gay Propaganda" Ban for Internet, 25 mars 2015
http://www.refworld.org/docid/551944084.html

Commission de l’immigration et du statut de réfugié du Canada (CISR), Update of 25 January 1999 on the situation of homosexuals, in particular in Almaty; treatment by authorities and general public; state protection available (Février 1999-Septembre 2000), 12 octobre 2000
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/183510/286213_en.html

Esclavage et traite d’êtres humains

US Department of State (USDOS), 2024 Trafficking in Persons Report – Kazakhstan, 24 juin 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2111695.html

Human Rights Watch (HRW), "We Are Not the Enemy" - Violations of Workers' Rights in Kazakhstan, 23 novembre 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5836ec914.html

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan : Sex Workers Call for Legalization of Prostitution, 18 août 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/57bfebf14.html

Nations Unies (ONU), Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime (ONUDC), Global Report on Trafficking in Persons - Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/5492aa804.html

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan: Grappling with Human Trafficking, 3 décembre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/232595/341219_en.html

Nations Unies (ONU), News Service, Kazakhstan risks losing gains in slavery fight, warns UN human rights expert, 1^er octobre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/506ab8122.html

Nations Unies (ONU), OHCHR, Kazakhstan Must Build On Its Gains In The Fight Against Contemporary Forms Of Slavery, Says United Nations Expert, 1^er octobre 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/228052/336032_en.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Curbing Human Trafficking in Kazakhstan, 28 mai 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4fc5fafe2.html

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CRIMINALITÉ ET CORRUPTION

Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), Journalist missing after announcing intent to shed light on corruption, 25 décembre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/50eab58b2.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: Criminal investigation, "hallucinogenic" Communion drink, "extremist" books?, 19 octobre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/5087d1ac2.html

Small Arms Survey (SAS), Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms, mai 2012
http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/B-Occasional-papers/SAS-OP29-Kazakhstan.pdf

Nations Unies (ONU), UNODC, Opiate flows through Northern Afghanistan and Central Asia: a threat assessment, 5 mai 2012
http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/Studies/Afghanistan_northern_route_2012_web.pdf

Transparency International, Kazakhstan, 2012
http://www.transparency.org/country#KAZ_DataResearch

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: Criminal records for religious activity, 1^er avril 2010
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4bb4a7c86.html

International Crisis Group (ICG), Central Asia: Islamists in Prison, 15 décembre 2009
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/2107_1307532516_neu.pdf

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Kazakhstan working to soften criminal code, 17 mars 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/49c26a9828.html

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ÉDUCATION ET SANTÉ

Éducation

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL), Prosecutor investigates Kazakh school for kicking out HIV-positive kids, 18 octobre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/5089073f1e.html

Nations Unies (ONU), UNHRC, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education, Kishore Singh: Addendum, Mission to Kazakhstan, 11 mai 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?reldoc=y&docid=501669372

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: No under-18s to attend worship or Sunday school, 20 janvier 2005 
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/468919010.html

Santé

Nations Unies (ONU), Comité des droits des personnes handicapées (CRPD), Concluding observations on the initial report of Kazakhstan, 19 avril 2024
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2109102/G2406085.pdf

Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), Mental Health Atlas 2020 ; Member State Profile ; Kazakhstan, 15 avril 2022
https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/mental-health/mental-health-atlas-2020-country-profiles/kaz.pdf?sfvrsn=aaf3b16d_5&download=true

Amnesty International (AI), Eastern Europe and Central Asia confronted with COVID-19 : Responses and responsabilities, avril 2020
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2028902/EUR0122152020ENGLISH.PDF

US Social Security Administration (SSA), Social Security Programs Throughout the World : Asia and the Pacific - Kazakhstan, 2018, mars 2019
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2005502/kazakhstan.pdf

Nations Unies (ONU), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Kazakhstan - State report on progress in responding to HIV/AIDS, 2018 [en russe]
http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/KAZ_2017_countryreport.pdf

Amnesty International (AI), "We are like dead souls" : life without legal capacity in Kazakhstan, 12 octobre 2018
https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1446262/1226_1539329636_eur5791642018english.PDF

Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI), CORI Thematic Report : Mental Health ; Kazakhstan, mars 2014
http://www.refworld.org/docid/539165d74.html

European Observatory on Health System and Policies (EOHSP), Health Systems in Transition (HiT): Kazakhstan, 2012
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/161557/e96451.pdf

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), Disability Still Seen as Bar to Motherhood, 8 août 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/224274/331843_en.html

EurasiaNet, Kazakhstan: Trying to Tame the White Horse, 24 juillet 2012
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/222753/330213_en.html

Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Kazakhstan
http://www.who.int/countries/kaz/fr/

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RÉFUGIÉS, DÉPLACÉS ET RETOURS

Fédération internationale des ligues des Droits de l'Homme (FIDH), Invisible and exploited in Kazakhstan : the plight of Kyrgyz migrant workers and members of their families, juin 2018
https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/kyrgyz_migrant_workers_in_kazakhstan.pdf

Amnesty International (AI), Return to Torture: Extradition, forcible returns and removals to Central Asia, 3 juillet 2013
http://www.refworld.org/docid/52453b634.html

Forum 18, Kazakhstan: 15 years' jail for UNHCR-recognised refugee if deportation to Uzbekistan proceeds ?, 29 octobre 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/508fcb4d2.html

Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR), UN Rebuke for Kazakstan Over Refugee Return, 26 juin 2012
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4feda09e2.html

Radio Free Asia (RFA), Deported Uyghur Faces Terrorism Charges, 14 juin 2011
http://www.ecoi.net/local_link/162963/267395_en.html

République du Kazakhstan, The law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on refugees (with amendments and additions as of 11.04.2014), 4 décembre 2009
http://www.refworld.org/docid/54f9c9014.html

New Zealand: Refugee Status Appeals Authority, Refugee Appeal No. 76078, 19 mai 2009
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a2e26525.html

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PROBLÉMATIQUES SPÉCIFIQUES

Union économique eurasiatique

International Crisis Group (ICG), The Eurasian Economic Union : Power, Politics and Trade, 20 juillet 2016
http://www.refworld.org/docid/578f659b4.html

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